ABSTRACT
Abstract Reports have indicated that serotonin plays an important role in cell migration and differentiation during the organogenesis of several tissues, including the oral types. Administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs during pregnancy could affect the delivery of serotonin to embryonic tissues altering its development. Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the formation of the periodontal ligament during pregnancy and lactation in rat pups. Material and Methods Twelve pregnant rats of Wistar lineage were divided into four study groups. In the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was administered orally, throughout the entire period of the 21 days of pregnancy (CG group) and in the CGL group, it was administrated during pregnancy and lactation (from day 1 of pregnancy to the 21st day after birth). Fluoxetine was administered orally at the dose of 20 mg/kg in a group treated during pregnancy only (FG group), and during pregnancy and lactation (FGL group). Histometrical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of the maxillary first molar periodontium region of the 24 rat pups was made under light microscopy, and periodontal ligament collagen was qualitatively evaluated under a polarizing light microscope. Results The quantity of fibroblasts (p=0.006), osteoblasts (p=0.027) and cementoblasts (p=0.001) was reduced in pups from the rats that received fluoxetine during pregnancy and lactation. No alterations were seen in the collagen fibers. Conclusion These findings suggest that periodontal tissue may be sensitive to fluoxetine, and its interference in reducing periodontal cells depends on exposure time during lactation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Osteogenesis/drug effects , Periodontal Ligament/drug effects , Fluoxetine/pharmacology , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Periodontal Ligament/growth & development , Periodontal Ligament/embryology , Time Factors , Lactation , Immunohistochemistry , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Maternal Exposure , Fibrillar Collagens/analysis , Alveolar Process/drug effects , Alveolar Process/embryologyABSTRACT
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate wound contraction and the concentration of mast cells in skin wounds treated with wild plum (Ximenia americana) essential oil-based ointment in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were submitted to two cutaneous wounds in the thoracic region, on the right and left antimeres. Thereon, they were divided into three groups: GX (wounds treated once a day with hydro alcoholic branch extract of Ximenia americana), GP (wounds that received vehicle), and GC (wounds without product application). Wounds were measured immediately after the injury as well as 4, 7, 14 and 21 days post-topical application of the extract. At these days, five rats from each group were euthanatized. Thereafter, samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E, Masson's Trichrome and toluidine blue for morphological, morphometrical and histopathological analysis, under light microscopy. The degree of epithelial contraction was measured and mast cell concentrations were also evaluated with an image analyzer (Image Pro-plus®software) . Results: The extract treated group showed lower mast cell concentrations in the 4th day of lesion, as compared to GP (GX<GP=GC, p=0.029), as well as with increased contraction at 7th and 14th days, respectively (7th and 14th days, GX > GP = GC; p<0.05) . Conclusion: Ointment containing 10% X. americana induces a decrease in mast cell concentration, at the beginning of the healing process, and promotes early skin wound contraction in rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Skin/injuries , Wound Healing/drug effects , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Olacaceae/chemistry , Mast Cells/drug effects , Skin/pathology , Brazil , Cell Count , Disease Models, Animal , Phytotherapy/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of angico bark extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) in the healing process of the skin of rats. METHODS: Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups of five animals each, according to the respective postoperative days, as follow: G4, G7, G14 and G21. Each group received two incisions on skin and subcutaneous tissue in the right and left antimere of the thoracic region, separated by a distance of 2 cm. The right lesion was treated daily with saline and the left with the angico alcoholic extract (5%). At the end of each experimental period, the animals were euthanized and fragments of the wound area with the edges were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed for paraffin embedding. Histological sections (5 μm of thickness) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Gomori trichromic and picrosisirus red for morphological and morphometric analyses. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Morphological analysis showed larger fibroblasts and a higher concentration of collagen fibers in skyn wounds treated with the angico extract. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts at 7th and collagen in 7th and 14th days (p<0.01) in wounds treated with the angico extract. CONCLUSION: The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Fabaceae/chemistry , Phytotherapy/methods , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Skin/drug effects , Skin/pathology , Wound Healing/drug effects , Cell Count , Collagen/analysis , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Paraffin Embedding , Postoperative Period , Reproducibility of Results , Skin/injuries , Subcutaneous Tissue/drug effects , Subcutaneous Tissue/injuries , Subcutaneous Tissue/pathology , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil ointment (Copaifera langsdorffii) on dorsal skin flaps in rats. METHODS: Adult male rats (n=30) were distributed into three groups of ten animals each, as follows: GC - control; GCA - absolute control and GT - treated with copaiba ointment. The rats were subjected to dorsal cutaneous skin flap surgery and the animals from the GC and GT received post-operative treatment for eight consecutive days. The animals from the GCA group did not receive treatment while the animals from the GC group received daily topical treatment of ointment without the active ingredient and the animals from the GT group were daily treated with 10% copaiba oil ointment. At the end of each experimental period the lesions were evaluated according to the percentage of necrotic area. Then, fragments from cranial, median and caudal parts were fixed in Boüin's solution and processed for paraffin embedding. The morphology of histological sections (5µm) was evaluated and the number of leucocytes, fibroblasts and blood vessels was also analyzed. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test complemented by Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The necrotic area was lower in the group treated with copaiba ointment when compared to the control groups (GCA>GC and GT), while the morphology showed larger granulation tissue with bulky fibroblasts and collagen fibers more arranged in the GT group. The morphometry showed a significant higher number of blood vessels in the median and caudal parts (GT>GCA and GC), leucocytes in the cranial part (GT>GC>GCA), and also fibroblasts in the median (GT and GC> GCA) and caudal parts (GT>GC and GCA) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The copaiba oil ointment favors angiogenesis and accelerates the viability of random skin flaps in rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Fabaceae/chemistry , Ointments/pharmacology , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Surgical Flaps , Tissue Survival/drug effects , Administration, Topical , Blood Vessels/drug effects , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Leukocyte Count , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Skin/drug effectsABSTRACT
Aim: To evaluate the morphological aspects of coronal dentinogenesis in the first molars of 1- and 5-day-old rats whose mothers were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride during pregnancy. Methods: Twelve pregnant Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: group C (control), group FL (fluoxetine administered at 10 mg/kg bodyweight), and group FX (fluoxetine administered at 20 mg/kg bodyweight). Saline (0.9%) solution or fluoxetine hydrochloride was administered subcutaneously for the first 21 days of pregnancy. Subsequently, the offspring of these animals was subdivided into subgroups according to age of tooth germ development to be studied: 1 and 5 days of life. C1 and C5 (control group 1 and 5 days of age); FL1 and FL5 (groups treated with 10 mg/kg fluoxetine at 1 and 5 days of age); FX5 and FX1 (groups treated with 20 mg/ kg fluoxetine at 1 and 5 days of age). Results: No structural changes in the dentin-pulp complex of rats whose mothers were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride were observed at either dose.Conclusions: Fluoxetine, at the doses administered during pregnancy in this study, did not alter the morphological development of the coronal dentin-pulp complex in their offspring.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Dental Pulp , Dentin , Fluoxetine/adverse effects , Tooth Germ , SerotoninABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) ointment on skin wound healing in rats. METHODS: Adult male rats (n=20) were divided into four groups of five animals each, as follows: G4, G7, G14 and G21, which corresponds to 4th, 7th, 14th and 21th days postoperatively. Each animal were made two incisions on the skin, including the subcutaneous tissue, in the right and left sides of thoracic region, separated by a distance of two inches. The right lesion was treated with base ointment (vaseline, lanolin); the left one was treated with base ointment containing 5% of aroeira oil. At the end of each experimental period the lesions were evaluated for the contraction degree. Then held the collection of fragments that were fixed in 10% formalin and processed for paraffin embedding. In the histological sections (5μm) was evaluated the morphology and quantified the collagen and blood vessels. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test complemented by Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The contraction of the lesions was higher in wounds treated with aroeira oil than in controls at 7th and 14th days (p<0.01), whereas in the 21st day all lesions were already completely healed. The morphology showed granulation tissue more developed, with fibroblasts more bulky and collagen fibers more arranged in the experimental group at 4th, 7th and 14th days. The morphometry showed a significant increase in the quantification of collagen fibers in the experimental group at 7th and 14th days (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The aroeira oil accelerates the healing process of wounds as a macroscopic, morphological and morphometrical analysis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anacardiaceae , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Oils/therapeutic use , Subcutaneous Tissue/drug effects , Wound Healing/drug effects , Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/therapeutic use , Collagen/analysis , Immunohistochemistry , Phytotherapy , Postoperative Period , Subcutaneous Tissue/pathology , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Introdução: O Cloridrato de Fluoxetina é o antidepressivomais utilizado na prática clínica em todo o mundo, capaz deinibir de forma potente e seletiva a recaptação de serotonina.Muitos efeitos colaterais dos inibidores seletivos darecaptacão da serotonina são descritos na literatura, maspouco se sabe sobre seus possíveis efeitos em tecidosmineralizados de ratos. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisãosistemática foi verificar se existe correlação entre tratamentofarmacológico com a utilização da fluoxetina sobre odesenvolvimento de tecidos mineralizados de ratos. Materiale Métodos: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico dosúltimos 15 anos nas bases de dados BBO, LILACS, SciELO,PUBMED/MEDLINE e ISI WEB OF KNOWLEDGE, utilizando osdescritores: Fluoxetina e Osso (Fluoxetine and Bone) eFluoxetina e Dente (Fluoxetine and Tooth). Resultados: Foramencontrados 66 trabalhos citados, mas apenas 26 associavama fluoxetina com tecidos mineralizados, destes apenas 12artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão para estarevisão. Conclusão: Através do presente estudo verificouseque o cloridrato de fluoxetina foi capaz de inibir ocrescimento e o desenvolvimento dos tecidos mineralizadosde ratos, bem como alterar a diferenciação de seus elementoscelulares por interferir no metabolismo neuroendócrino daserotonina.
Introduction: Fluoxetine hydrochloride is the most widelyprescribed antidepressant in clinical practice worldwide. Itinhibits potently and selectively the re-uptake of serotonin.Many collateral effects of selective serotonin reuptakeinhibitors were evaluated in previous studies, but their effectson mineralized tissues in rats have not been established yet.Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to assessthe effect of pharmacological treatment using fluoxetine onthe development of mineralized tissues in rats. Methods:Searches were made corresponding to the last 15 years inthe databases BBO, LILACS, SciELO, PUBMED/MEDLINE andISI WEB OF KNOWLEDGE, using the descriptors: Fluoxetineand Bone; Fluoxetine and Tooth. Results: From a total of 66studies found, 26 were associated with fluoxetine onmineralized tissues, of which only 12 articles met the inclusioncriteria for this review. Conclusion: In this study, it wasobserved that fluoxetine hydrochloride was able to promotechanges in growth and development of mineralized tissues(such as bone and teeth) in rats by modifying theneuroendocrine metabolism of serotonin.
Subject(s)
Rats , Bone and Bones , Fluoxetine , SerotoninABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the effects of the angico extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) on the healing of rat skin. METHODS: Twenty adult rats were divided into four groups of five animals each, the G4, G7, G14 and G21, which corresponds to the respective postoperative days. Each group received two incisions on skin and subcutaneous tissue in the right and left antimere of the thoracic region, separated by a distance of 2 cm. The right lesion was treated daily with saline and the left with the angico alcoholic extract (5%). At the end of each experimental period, animals were euthanized and fragments of the wound area, together with the edges were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed for paraffin embedding. In the histological sections with 5 µm of thickness, were carried out immunohistochemical methods for detection of blood vessels (VEGF) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological analysis. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Morphological analysis showed larger fibroblasts and a higher concentration of collagen fibers in days 7 and 14 in wounds treated with the angico extract. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of blood vessels in both the seventh and 14th days (p<0.01) in wounds treated with the angico extract. CONCLUSION: The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do extrato de angico (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) na cicatrização em pele de ratos. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos adultos (n=20) foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de cinco animais cada, a saber: G4, G7, G14 e G21, o que corresponde a quatro, sete, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório. Cada grupo recebeu duas incisões na pele compreendendo o tecido subcutâneo, nos antímeros direito e esquerdo da região torácica, separadas por uma distância de dois cm. A lesão esquerda com extrato alcoólico de angico (5%), iniciando-se logo após a cirurgia por 21 dias consecutivos. Ao final de cada período (4, 7, 14 e 21 de pós-operatório) experimental foram coletados fragmentos da área da ferida, fixada em formol a 10% e processadas para inclusão em parafina. Nos cortes histológicos com 5 µm de espessura, foram realizados métodos imunoistoquímicos para detecção dos vasos sanguíneos (VEGF) e coloração pela hematoxilina para análise morfológica. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA complementada pelo teste de Tukey-Kramer (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: A análise morfológica mostrou fibroblastos mais volumosos e alta concentração de fibras colágenas no 7º e 14º dias nas feridas tratadas com extrato de angico. A análise morfométrica demonstrou aumento significativo no número de vasos sanguíneos no sétimo e 14º dias (p<0,01) de pós-operatório em feridas tratadas com extrato de angico. CONCLUSÃO: O extrato hidroalcoólico a 5% da casca e entrecasca do angico (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) acelera a neoangiogênese em feridas cutâneas de ratos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Fabaceae , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Skin/injuries , Wound Healing/drug effects , Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Subcutaneous Tissue/drug effects , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The TMJ has been to the Dental community a key point in the search of knowledge, being it part of the temporomandibular joint complex and of the estomatognathic system which are in charge of the mastication, speech, swallowing, as well as participation in breathing and taste perception. For the majority of the women in serious state of depression, which do not respond psychotherapeutic treatment, pharmacological treatment it's applied. The antidepressants serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most recommended in these cases. The teratogenic effect of the SSRIs is considered controversial, studies done with women who used these drugs during the pregnancy showed that the respiratory and central nervous systems are the most affected, was also recorded a deficit of body growth and the decrease of the encephalon and skull measures. In the present study, our goal was to assess whether the administration of Fluoxetine during the pregnancy modified the embryology and morphology of the TMJ of rats. For that, 16 Wistar female rats from the Nutrition Department of the UFPE vivarium were selected; 8 for the control group, which received daily 0.9 percent of saline in subcutaneous dose of 10ml/g, with schedules previously established after daily weighing and 8 for the experimental one that were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride with the dose of 10mg/Kg in a volume 10ml/g of weight, were injected subcutaneously with the same standards established for the control group. It was observed, with this dose that the embryological development of the TMJ, especially of the mandibular condyle, does not present any difference between the degree of maturation of the tissue that forms the TMJ, especially of the condyle between the treated and control groups.
La ATM ha sido para la comunidad odontológica un punto clave en la búsqueda del conocimiento, dado que forma parte del complejo articular temporomandibular y del sistema estomatognático, los cuales se encargan de la masticación, fonación y deglución, así como la participación en la respiración y de la percepción gustativa. Para la mayoría de las mujeres con cuadros graves de depresión, que no responden al tratamiento psicoterapéutico, el tratamiento farmacológico es aplicado. Los antidepresivos del grupo de los Inhibidores Selectivos de Recaptación de Serotonina (ISRSs) son los más comúnmente recomendados en estos casos. El efecto teratogénico de los ISRSs es considerado controversial. Estudios realizados en mujeres que utilizaron estas drogas durante la gestación mostraron que los sistemas respiratorios y nervioso central son los más afectados, también fue constatado un déficit de crecimiento corporal, encefálico y disminución de las medidas craneales. En el presente estudio, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si la administración de fluoxetina durante la gestación modifica la embriología y la morfología de la ATM de ratas de laboratorio. Para este fin, 16 ratas Wistar del bioterio de nutrición de la UFPE fueron seleccionadas: 8 para el grupo de control, las cuales recibieron diariamente solución fisiológica a 0,9 por ciento en aplicaciones subcutáneas en la dosis de 10ml/g, en horarios previamente establecidos después de pesaje diario y 8 para el experimental, las que fueron tratadas con clorhidrato de fluoxetina en la dosis de 10mg/kg, en un volumen de 10ml/g, inyectados por vía subcutánea en los mismos estándares establecidos para el grupo de control. Se observó, que con esta dosis el desarrollo embriológico de la ATM, especialmente del cóndilo mandibular, no presentó ninguna diferencia entre el grado de maduración de los tejidos que forman la ATM, especialmente del cóndilo, entre los grupos tratado y grupo control.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Temporomandibular Joint , Temporomandibular Joint/metabolism , Embryonic Development , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/metabolism , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Depression/metabolism , Depression/drug therapy , Fluoxetine/adverse effects , Fluoxetine/pharmacology , Fluoxetine/therapeutic use , Rats, Wistar/embryologyABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o ciclo estral, gestação e lactação de ratas tratadas com ivermectina. 82 ratas albinas foram divididas em sete grupos. Os animais receberam água destilada (GI) ou diferentes doses de ivermectina, por via oral (GII=0,5; GIII=1,0; GIV=2,0; GV=4,0; GVI=8,0 e GVII=10,0 mg/kg). Os animais foram tratados por 45 dias, com ivermectina a cada três dias, totalizando 15 aplicações. Após esse período foi realizado exame colpocitológico durante 15 dias consecutivos. Ao final, quatro animais de cada grupo foram sacrificados e ovários e úteros retirados e processados para avaliação histológica. Os animais restantes foram acasalados e tratados com ivermectina, nas doses correspondentes a cada grupo, no 1º, 4º, 7º, 10º, 13º e 16º dias de gestação. Ao nascimento, os neonatos foram contados, analisados quanto à existência de defeitos congênitos, mortalidade e pesados até o 15º dia de lactação...
This work evaluates the estrous cycle, gestation and lactation of rats treated with ivermectin. Control (GI) rats received distilled water; and the remaining were treated during 45 days with ivermectin (GII=0.5; GIII=1.0; GIV=2.0; GV=4.0; GVI=8.0 and GVII=10.0 mg/kg) by the oral route, the drug being administered every three day, in a total of 15 administrations. Colpocytological examinations were then performed during 15 consecutive days. Four animals from each group were euthanized, and samples of ovaries and uteri were taken for histological evaluations. The remaining animals were mated and treated throughout the gestation period and further until the 15th postpartum day. Colpocytologic examinations revealed that the animals of groups II, III, IV, V, VI and VII presented a higher incidence of the estrus phase, in comparison with the control group (group I). Histopathologic studies showed that the groups treated with ivermectin presented an increased concentration of hyperplasic endometrial glands, where as the morphology of the ovary was not altered. The treatment did not affect the gestation lenght, the number of newborns nor did it caused congenital mortality or newborns malformations. During lactation, there was a significant slowering of the body weight gain of the litter. It is concluded that the treatment of female rats with ivermectin increases the incidence of the estrus phase. In addition, a definite deleterious effect is exerted on nursing animals as revealed by the reduced body weight gain of the litter.
Subject(s)
Animals , Estrous Cycle , Ivermectin/adverse effects , Lactation , Pregnancy, Animal , RatsABSTRACT
A Mentha crispa (Lamiaceae) é conhecida popularmente como hortelã-da-folha-miúda. O extrato hidroalcoólico (EHA) de Mentha crispa, obtido do caule e da folha, possui atividade amebicida (Entamoeba histolytica) e giardicida (Giardia lamblia) e é explorado comercialmente na produção do fitoterápico Giamebil plus®. Os efeitos da administração oral subcrônica do EHA de Mentha crispa foram investigados sobre a performance reprodutiva em ratos Wistar adultos. Três grupos de ratos machos (n=6-12/grupo) foram tratados durante 30 dias consecutivos com EHA por via oral nas doses de 0,5 e 1,0 g/kg de peso ou água destilada (grupo controle). Em seguida, foram determinados os índices reprodutivos, massa dos órgãos e análise morfológica do testículo, epidídimo e ducto deferente. Os resultados mostram que, durante o período de tratamento, não se observaram sinais de toxicidade ou morte dos animais. Os índices reprodutivos, assim como a massa e as morfologias macro e microscópica dos órgãos não foram modificados pela administração subcrônica do EHA. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a administração subcrônica do extrato hidroalcoólico de Mentha crispa (Giamebil plus®) não possui atividade contraceptiva sobre o sistema reprodutor de ratos Wistar.
Mentha crispa (Lamiaceae) is commonly known as "hortelã-da-folha-miúda". The hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) from the leaves and stem of Mentha crispa possesses amebicidal (Entamoeba histolytica) and giardicidal (Giardia lamblia) activity and it is commercially used in the production of the phytoterapic Giamebil plus®. The effects of the subchronic administration of the HAE of Mentha crispa were investigated on reproductive performance in adult Wistar rats. Three groups of male rats (n=6-12/group) were orally treated daily for 30 consecutive days with the HAE at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg or distilled water (control group). Then, the reproductive indices, the organ weight and the morphologic analysis of testicle, epididymis and vas deferens were determined. There were no signs of toxicity or deaths during the period of treatment. Furthermore, the reproductive indices, the organ weight and the macroscopic and microscopic morphologic analysis of the organs were not altered by subchronic administration of the HAE of Mentha crispa. It shows that the subchronic administration of the HAE of Mentha crispa (Giamebil plus®) did not possess contraceptive activity on the reproductive system of Wistar rats.